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- The ALL Card AT1
-
- The All Card AT1 is a general purpose memory card with
- multifunction capabilities designed for the IBM Personal
- Computer, PC, XT and compatibles. It features a serial port with
- four variable addresses, a real time clock/calendar with battery
- backup, and memory expansion using 64K or 256 DRAM chips. The
- ALL Card AT1/M provides the same capabilities as the AT1, but
- will provide up to 10 megabytes of RAM memory, which may be used
- as conventional PC memory, extended memory, or a combination of
- both. The AT1 may be upgraded to an AT1/M by purchasing the
- optional MMU-1 (memory management unit) module.
-
- The memory management unit option increases the address space of
- the 8088 CPU on the PC from 1 megabyte to 10 megabytes. The
- amount of RAM memory directly addressable by DOS may be increased
- from 655,360 bytes to 974,848 bytes when the MMU is installed.
- The additional extended memory beyond one megabyte may be used
- for a variety of purposes. For example, under DOS this extended
- memory can be used for RAM disk, Expanded Memory Specifications
- (such as the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft EMS) and multi-user/multi-
- tasking systems where each user or task can be provided with
- their own protected 1 megabyte of RAM.
-
- The AT1/M comes with support software to enhance its
- capabilities. There are system files, utility programs and text
- files included, and these files are discussed in detail in the
- ALL/MOS Software Reference Manual.
-
- Segment Address
- Number of Segment
- 0 0 - 64K
- 1 64 - 128K
- 2 128 - 192K
- 3 192 - 256K
- 4 256 - 320K
- 5 320 - 384K
- 6 384 - 448K
- 7 448 - 512K
- 8 512 - 576K
- 9 576 - 640K
- A 640 - 704K
- B 704 - 768K
- C 768 - 832K
- D 832 - 896K
- E 896 - 960K
- F 960 - 1024K
-
- On a standard PC, memory may only be installed in Segments 0
- through 9, providing an upper limit of 640k of addressable memory
- without using sophisticated memory management techniques. The
- top six segments of memory, Segments A through F (a total of
- 384k), were originally reserved for use by video RAM, ROM BIOS,
- the hard disk option ROM, and other hardware which IBM planned to
-
- produce at some future date. Although a total 384k of memory is
- reserved for special use, only a small amount is actually used.
-
- DOS allows the user to address 640k of memory, but the processor
- is capable of addressing 1024k of memory. Because of the 640k
- restriction, approximately thirty-five percent of the address
- space of the CPU is wasted. The MMU works to free up most of
- that wasted memory.
-
- The ALL CARD uses a proprietary MMU (Memory Management Unit) chip
- to extend the address capabilites of the 8088 CPU from 1MB to
- 10MB.
-
- The MMU intercedes between the 8088 CPU and its memory. A
- mapping table is used to convert any 20 bit address put out by
- the 8088 CPU to a 24 bit address. The high four bits of the
- resulting address is used to determine which area of memory is
- being addressed. The lowest megabyte of address space is
- connected to the conventional address space of the 8088
- CPU.Subsequent megabytes of address space are connected to the
- extended memory provided by the ALL CARD. Through the mapping
- table, any contiguous 4k of the 8088's logical address space may
- be connected to any 4k of physical address space within the 10
- megabytes of address space provided by the MMU. The MMU is thus
- able to rearrange what the 8088 CPU sees within its logical
- address space.
-
- Before DOS can address 952k of contiguous memory, the reserved
- areas of memory in Segments A through F must be moved out of the
- way. Since the MMU is able to map memory within the conventional
- address space of the 8088, video memory, BIOS and any other
- special memory areas may be mapped up to the high end of memory
- (Segment F) thereby freeing up Segments A through E for use as
- RAM memory. Memory from the ALL CARD is then mapped into
- Segments A through E. The CPU will then see contiguous memory in
- Segments 0 through E.
-
- Extended memory may also be mapped in to fill any uninstalled
- memory in Segments 0 through 9. DOS is able to use the resulting
- 952k of memory without modification. In turn, applications which
- currently run in 640k can use the additional DOS memory provided
- by the MMU.
-
- Although strict DOS programming rules discourage applications
- from directly accessing memory above the 640k mark, some programs
- do write directly to video memory, because the video support
- provided by DOS through BIOS is too slow for video intensive
- applications. Most applications will run in a 952k DOS
- environment without modification. Those applications which do
- write directly to video require minor modifications to run in a
- 952k environment. A utility called ALLPREP program is provided
- to make the needed modifications to those programs and its use is
- easy and also has an undo feature.
-
- Before starting installation you are directed to run the install
- program. This is not your normal installation program. This
- program allows you to answer questions about your system and the
- configuration that your are interested in using, and provides you
- with a picture on your monitor of just where on the ALLCARD
- sections are located. This provides you with detailed
- instructions and a better understanding of the hardware. I have
- never used a program like this and found it real easy to use.
- One word of caution, rename your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT
- prior to running the install program if you have special
- applications installed!
-
- Installation of the board will take about twenty minutes. The
- hardest part is taking out the CPU (8088) chip, and the co-
- processor if one is installed. This/these chip(s) are installed
- on the ALLCARD and a ribbon cable plug-in module is inserted into
- the socket which the CPU (8088) was installed. When this is
- completed, you are ready to re-boot the system.
-
- To see the results of your installating run CHKDSK and watch the
- results. Since there are many ways to use additional memory you
- are given a great many options. Ram disks, print spoolers and
- when using multi-tasking software (I only have DoubleDos and
- Desqview) 704k for each application.
-
- I have used this board for over two months and have never had a
- problem that I could attribute to the ALLCARD. I have an IRMA
- board installed and still didn't have any problems. When used in
- the EMS mode, it is at lease four times faster then either the
- RAMPAGE of the ABOVEBOARD. This is because much larger pages
- swapping is used with the ALLCARD.
-
- I am using an original PC-XT with and AST 384k multifunction card
- and a NEC V20. The board has 2MB installed and with the
- expansion module will hold 10MBs. Since 64k (ha ha), 256k, and
- 1MB chips can be used, the main board will hold 4MB. The one I
- am using has 1 MB (w/256k chips) on the main board and one set of
- 1MB chips on the daughter board. I was also given a battery
- backup for the ram disk as well as an AC adapter. Since the
- decision to have battery/AC backup must have been a late one the
- back of the ALLCARD has two small plug in slots that look crudely
- hand made, however I have seen a picture of the product that will
- be sold and it is a nice setup.
-
- The ALLCARD with the daughter board, battery/AC backup, without
- memory will sell for somthing like $500 to $650.
-
- Also in the mill is an AT ALLCARD with both un-protected and
- protected mode.
-
- Additional information can be received by writing or calling:
-
- ALL Computers Inc.
- 102 Bloor Street West
- Sutie 1200
- Toronto, Ontario
- CANADA
- M5S 1M9
- (416) 960-0111